Nitric acid is on the right to know hazardous substance. Nitric acid hno3 cid 944 structure, chemical names, physical and. The total yield of nitric acid is smaller, however, as the nitre cake retains some of the nitrogen compounds, and the resulting acid has a high nitrous acid content. Increasing demand for adipic acid to formulate nylon resins and fibers for automotive interior manufacturing is identified as a key market driver. Practice tests and free video lectures for physics, chemistry. The first method utilizes oxidation, condensation, and absorption to produce a weak nitric acid. It is mainly applied in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, used in fertilizers, but it is. The industrial production of nitric acid by the ostwald process. Simplified schematic representation of a mh dual pressure nitric acid plant. The nitric acid leaving the absorber contains a certain amount of nox dissolved occurring a red colour of the acid. It is also the primary reagent used for nitration, means to the addition of a nitro group.
Wilhelm ostwald developed the process, and he patented it in 1902. Commercial grade nitric acid solutions are usually between 52% and 68% nitric acid. This causes nitric acid to be produced and the pressure of the residual gas, which is. Process analysis and plant design for manufacturing of nitric acid. What are the uses of nitric acid on an industrial level. Nitric acid is a colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals.
The global nitric acid market size was valued at usd 24. Nitric acid is witnessing rising demand for the manufacturing of fertilizers, nylon, explosives, and a variety of industrially useful organic and inorganic compounds, including adipic acid, toluene diisocyanate tdi, and nitrobenzene. Proposed rule for mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases. It is dependant on how concentrated the acid solution is. Nitric acid h no 3, also known as aqua fortis latin for strong water and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid the pure compound is colorless, but older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen and water. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during. The ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry, and it provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production. The estimated production of the major manufacturing countries is shown in. Nitric acid which is also known as aqua fortis and spirit of niter, is a highly corrosive mineral acid. Nitric oxide no is a highly inducible molecule and overaccumulated during stress responses, such as drought, cold and pathogen infection.
A wide variety of nitric acid options are available to you, such as agriculture grade, reagent grade, and industrial grade. Consequently, direct contact can result in severe burns. It is mainly applied in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, used. Enhanced plant design for the production of azeotropic nitric acid 1. Nitric acid has an azeotope of about 68 % to 70 % this means we can concentrate it to this point with evaporation. Another use for nitric acid is in the oxidation process for the manufacture of adipic acid. The resulting acid vapor is condensed to form 98 to 99 percent nitric acid. The manufacture of nitric acid the role of platinum alloy gauzes in the ammonia oxidation process by h.
In the most used industrial process, the benzene reacts with the nitric acid in the presence of a catalyst, the. The nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to form nitric acid. Nitric acid also has a boiling point for each concentration at which point the acid will vapor off of solution. Nitric acid is also used for metal etching and processing of ferrous metals. The ostwald process is a chemical process used for making nitric acid hno 3. Nitric acid, other than red fuming, with more than 70% nitric acid hazard class. Ammonia and nitric acid icse solutionsselina icse solutions provides icse solutions for class 10 chemistry chapter 9 study of compounds. Booklet nr 2 production of nitric acid by fertilizers. Then in step 2, the nitrogen dioxide that was formed is absorbed in water. Booklet nr 2 production of nitric acid by fertilizers europe. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the worlds major chemical industries.
Nitric acid pdf nitric acid pdf nitric acid pdf download. Ostwald process for producing nitric acid worldofchemicals. The fertilizer industry uses weak nitric acid in the range of 50 to 65% strength and thus the high concentration above 70% weight nitric acid production process is not included. It is also used in the form of its potassium and sodium salts. Nitric acid production free download as powerpoint presentation. Environment, safety, health, and quality division chapter 53 nitric acid safe handling guideline 20 may 20 slaci7300a09t010r002 2 of 2. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes. In order to eliminate the dissolved nox, the acid is strip in the bleaching column c202 by hot secondary air coming from the air compressor k102 via the ammonia superheater e102.
Nitric oxide and water are formed in this process according to the main equation. Proceedings are available either for download as a pdf, or a printed copy which is posted to you. Exergy analyzing method in process integration of the nitric acid production plant 111 ln 1 2 0 p p gr t h ex t lm cons. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality. Production of nitric acid is via the ostwald process, named after german chemist wilhelm ostwald. Nitric acid is produced industrially through a multistep reaction process known as ostwald process. In this article the author outlines some of the principal features of this process, and describes in some detail the chemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface. Technical support document for the nitric acid production sector. Industrial process economics reports about nitric acid nitric acid is a strong acid of major importance. Work should be done in a way that avoids handglove contact with nitric acid. Nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process.
Most commercially available nitric acid has a concentration of 68% in water. Process basis process basis ammonia is reacted with air on platinumrhodium alloy catalysts in the oxidation section of nitric acid plants. The last two trays on the top of the absorption column receive the process water necessary for achieving the absorption of no2 and n 2 o 4 species to form nitric acid. Icse solutions for class 10 chemistry study of compounds. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps. Technologiesnitric acidmono pressure processen ceamag.
Us6264910b1 process for the production of nitric acid. The ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. The nitric acid process the foundation of the modern nitric acid process was laid by kuhlmann in 1838 when he filed a patent for the catalytic oxidation of platinum metals rev. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality division. Nitric acid pdf msds number 2019 revised december 7, 2006. All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing. We provide step by step solutions for icse chemistry class 10 solutions pdf. Entropy data, available from the steam tables, can be used to calculate the exergy consumed at turbine t2. Nitric acid is an inorganic chemical that is used in the manufacture of nitrogenbased fertilizers, adipic acid, and explosives. This guidance for the transport of nitric acid have been drawn up by fertilizers europe, a sector group of cefic, with the help of expertise from members in order to ensure high safety standards in operations involving nitric acid transport. Historically and practically, the ostwald process is closely associated with. This is subsequently absorbed in water to form nitric acid and nitric oxide. In 1991, there were approximately 65 nitric acid hno manufacturing plants in the u.
Preparation of solutions calculator is a useful tool which allows you to calculate how many solid chemicals or stock. A greater amount of nitric acid of average strength of 80 per cent, is obtained by using wet nitrate 2 to 2. Calcium ammonium nitrate is used in the manufacturing of solutions and chemicals for. In step 1, ammonia is oxidized to form nitric oxide and also nitrogen dioxide. Alternative control techniques document nitric and adipic acid manufacturing plants. In this process, anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide, which is then reacted with oxygen in air to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitric acid production protocol provides guidance to account for, report, and verify ghg emission reductions associated with the installation and use of a nitrous oxide n 2 o emission control technology, i. Redox nature nitric acid has two properties in redox nature. Pdf on sep 29, 2017, shivam pandya and others published nitric acid plant design find, read and cite all. The top supplying country or region is china, which supply 100% of nitric acid respectively. Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. Most of this is used in fertilizers, although a relatively small amount is used to make explosives. Modeling and simulation of a nitric acid recovery process. The role of platinum alloy gauzes in the ammonia oxidation process.
Economics of nitric acid production processes by intratec. Subscribe to our youtube channel to watch more chemistry lectures. Preparation of solutions calculator is a useful tool which allows you to calculate how many solid chemicals or stock solutions you will need to prepare the desired solution. The vacuum tower and the atmospheric pressure tower were modeled by using equilibrium stage method and nonequilibrium stage method respectively. Gold solubility in nitric acid of copperbullionsalloys.
Preparation of nitric acid in industry, chemistry lecture. Tccs nitric acid belongs to the group of inorganic acids. You cannot convert concentrated nitric acid into anhydrous nitric acid by distillation, because the standard concentration is an azeotrope. There are 5,380 nitric acid suppliers, mainly located in asia. Manufacture of nitric acid the manufacture of nitric acid is a threestage process. Several key developmental processes within a plant life. Processes for the manufacture of nitric acid international fertiliser. The principal chemical produced from nitric acid is ammonium nitrate. In this process, anhydrous ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide, in the presence of platinum or rhodium gauze catalyst at a high temperature of about 500 k and a. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. Nitric acid is colorless when pure but has a yellowish appearance when it is old due to the collection of nitrogen oxides. An improved process for either the manufacturing of nitric acid, recycling of nitric acid, or recovering of nitric acid, comprising the steps of. Technical support document for the nitric acid production. Dilute nitric acid reacts with the proteins of the skin and forms a yellow compound called xanthoproteic acid.
Steps involved in ostwald process ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. Figure 3 process flow diagram for highstrength nitric acid production from weak nitric acid source. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing. Page 1 of 2 nitric acid university of michiganflint. Jun 07, 2010 redox nature nitric acid has two properties in redox nature. In the tests embodied in this paper, a uniform procedure was employed. A nitric acid recovery process using composite distillation columns was modeled and simulated. However, the fuel has to react completely with free oxygen present in the waste. The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. Upon distillation, nitric acid in its pure form begins to boil at 78. Nitric acid market size, share, growth industry report, 2027. Enhanced plant design for the production of azeotropic nitric. Nitric acid is a colorless to yellow liquid with a characteristic, irritating odor.
The purpose of this simulation was to observe the thermodynamic. A process for the production of nitric acid using the dualpressure process in which the ammonia is burnt at an initial low pressure with the aid of compressed process air and the nitrous gases formed during combustion are at least partly absorbed by water at a second pressure which is higher than the first. The anhydrous acid is known commercially as white fuming nitric acid wfna and is used as an oxidant with ro. The last tray is fed with demineralised water and the tray before may be fed with process condensates coming from the ammonium nitrate plant via a tank in which nitric acid is. The manufacture of nitric acid johnson matthey technology. China nitric acid, china nitric acid manufacturers and. The composite distillation columns consist of a multistage vacuum tower and an atmospheric pressure tower half of which consists of packed bed. May 31, 2014 nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process. Flow diagram of typical nitric acid plant using singlepressure process. The guidance deal exclusively with the transport of nitric acid in tanks within europe and do not deal with.
Local exhaust ventilation or breathing protection is required. Oxidation takes place in the free space between the. Nitric acid is manufactured from ammonia and is a key chemical in the manufacture of fertilizers. Concentrated nitric acid fumes when kept open because it contains considerable amount of nitrogen dioxide which escapes when exposed. Sulfuric acid is fed with weak nitric acid into a packed dehydrating column. Nitric acid manufacturers, nitric acid suppliers and exporters. Since the mean free path of ammonia molecules under the pressure and. Ammonia and nitric acid for icse board examinations. Nitric acid definition of nitric acid by medical dictionary.
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